``0Lexical`

EndOfFile
 : physicalEndOfTheFile
 | `\u0000`
 | `\u001A`

EndOfLine
 : `\u000D`
 | `\u000A`
 | `\u000D` `\u000A`
 | EndOfFile

WhiteSpace
 : Space
 | Space WhiteSpace

Space
 : `\u0020`
 | `\u0009`
 | `\u000B`
 | `\u000C`
 | EndOfLine
 | Comment

Comment
 :  `/*` Characters `*/`
 |  `//` Characters EndOfLine
 |  `/+` Characters `+/`

Identifier
 : IdentiferStart
 | IdentiferStart IdentifierChars

IdentifierChars
 : IdentiferChar
 | IdentiferChar IdentifierChars

IdentifierStart
 :  `_`
 | Letter

IdentifierChar
 : IdentiferStart
 | Digit

StringLiteral
 : SingleQuotedString
 | DoubleQuotedString
 | EscapeSequence

SingleQuotedString
 :  `'` SingleQuotedCharacters `'`

SingleQuotedCharacter
 : Character
 | EndOfLine

DoubleQuotedString
 : `"` DoubleQuotedCharacters `"`

DoubleQuotedCharacter
 : Character
 | EscapeSequence
 | EndOfLine

EscapeSequence
 :  `\'`
 |  `\"`
 |  `\?`
 |  `\\`
 |  `\a`
 |  `\b`
 |  `\f`
 |  `\n`
 |  `\r`
 |  `\t`
 |  `\v`
 |  `\` EndOfFile
 |  `\x` HexDigit HexDigit
 |  `\` OctalDigit
 |  `\` OctalDigit OctalDigit
 |  `\` OctalDigit OctalDigit OctalDigit
 |  `\u` HexDigit HexDigit HexDigit HexDigit

IntegerLiteral
 : Integer
 | Integer IntegerSuffix

Integer
 : Decimal
 | Binary
 | Octal
 | Hexadecimal
 | HexadecimalH

IntegerSuffix
 :  `l`
 |  `L`
 |  `u`
 |  `U`
 |  `lu`
 |  `Lu`
 |  `lU`
 |  `LU`
 |  `ul`
 |  `uL`
 |  `Ul`
 |  `UL`

Decimal
 : `0`
 | NonZeroDigit
 | NonZeroDigit Decimal

Binary
 : `0b` BinaryDigits
 | `0B` BinaryDigits

Octal
 : `0` OctalDigits

Hexadecimal
 : `0x` HexDigits
 | `0X` HexDigits

HexadecimalH
 : HexDigits `h`
 | HexDigits `H`

FloatLiteral
 : Float
 | Float FloatSuffix
 | Float ImaginarySuffix
 | Float FloatSuffix ImaginarySuffix

Float
 : DecimalFloat
 | HexFloat

FloatSuffix
 : `f`
 | `F`
 | `l`
 | `L`

ImaginarySuffix
 : `i`
 | `I`

Keyword
 : `abstract`
 | `alias`
 | `align`
 | `asm`
 | `assert`
 | `auto`
 | `bit`
 | `body`
 | `break`
 | `byte`
 | `case`
 | `cast`
 | `catch`
 | `cent`
 | `char`
 | `class`
 | `complex`
 | `const`
 | `continue`
 | `debug`
 | `default`
 | `delegate`
 | `delete`
 | `deprecated`
 | `do`
 | `double`
 | `else`
 | `enum`
 | `export`
 | `extended`
 | `extern`
 | `false`
 | `final`
 | `finally`
 | `float`
 | `for`
 | `super`
 | `null`
 | `new`
 | `short`
 | `int`
 | `long`
 | `imaginary`
 | `if`
 | `switch`
 | `synchronized`
 | `return`
 | `goto`
 | `struct`
 | `interface`
 | `import`
 | `static`
 | `override`
 | `in`
 | `out`
 | `inout`
 | `private`
 | `protected`
 | `public`
 | `invariant`
 | `this`
 | `throw`
 | `true`
 | `try`
 | `typedef`
 | `ubyte`
 | `ucent`
 | `uint`
 | `ulong`
 | `union`
 | `ushort`
 | `version`
 | `void`
 | `volatile`
 | `wchar`
 | `while`
 | `with`

Token
 : Identifier
 | StringLiteral
 | IntegerLiteral
 | FloatLiteral
 | Keyword
 | `/`
 | `/=`
 | `.`
 | `..`
 | `...`
 | `&`
 | `&=`
 | `&&`
 | `|`
 | `|=`
 | `||`
 | `-`
 | `-=`
 | `--`
 | `+`
 | `+=`
 | `++`
 | `<`
 | `<=`
 | `<<`
 | `<<=`
 | `<>`
 | `<>=`
 | `>`
 | `>=`
 | `>>=`
 | `>>>=`
 | `>>`
 | `>>>`
 | `!`
 | `!=`
 | `!==`
 | `!<>`
 | `!<>=`
 | `!<`
 | `!<=`
 | `!>`
 | `!>=`
 | `(`
 | `)`
 | `[`
 | `]`
 | `{`
 | `}`
 | `?`
 | `,`
 | `;`
 | `:`
 | `$`
 | `=`
 | `==`
 | `===`
 | `*`
 | `*=`
 | `%`
 | `%=`
 | `^`
 | `^=`
 | `~`
 | `~=`

Pragma
 : `#line` Integer EndOfLine
 | `#line` Integer Filespec EndOfLine

Filespec
 : `"` Characters `"`

``0Modules`

Module
 : ModuleDeclaration DeclDefs
 | DeclDefs

DeclDefs
 : DeclDef
 | DeclDef DeclDefs

DeclDef
 : AttributeSpecifier
 | ImportDeclaration
 | EnumDeclaration
 | ClassDeclaration
 | InterfaceDeclaration
 | AggregateDeclaration
 | Declaration
 | Constructor
 | Destructor
 | Invariant
 | Unittest
 | StaticConstructor
 | StaticDestructor
 | DebugSpecification
 | VersionSpecification
 | `;`

ModuleDeclaration
 : `module` ModuleName `;`

ModuleName
 : Identifier
 | ModuleName `.` Identifier

ImportDeclaration
 : `import` ModuleNameList `;`

ModuleNameList
 : ModuleName
 | ModuleName `,` ModuleNameList

``0Declarations`

Declaration
 : `typedef` Decl
 | `alias` Decl
 | Decl

Decl
 : `const` Decl
 | `static` Decl
 | `final` Decl
 | `synchronized` Decl
 | `deprecated` Decl
 | BasicType BasicType2 Declarators `;`
 | BasicType BasicType2 FunctionDeclarator

Declarators
 : Declarator
 | Declarator `,` Declarators

BasicType
 : `void`
 | `bit`
 | `byte`
 | `ubyte`
 | `short`
 | `ushort`
 | `int`
 | `uint`
 | `long`
 | `ulong`
 | `cent`
 | `ucent`
 | `float`
 | `double`
 | `extended`
 | `imaginary`
 | `complex`
 | `char`
 | `wchar`

``0Properties`

IntegralProperty
 : `.init`
 | `.size`
 | `.max`
 | `.min`
 | `.sign`

FloatingPointProperty
 : `.init`
 | `.size`
 | `.infinity`
 | `.nan`
 | `.sign`
 | `.isnan`
 | `.isinfinite`
 | `.isnormal`
 | `.digits`
 | `.epsilon`
 | `.mantissa`
 | `.maxExp`
 | `.max`
 | `.min`

EnumProperties
 : `.min`
 | `.max`
 | `.size`

``0Attributes`

AttributeSpecifier
 : Attribute `:`
 | Attribute DeclDefBlock

AttributeElseSpecifier
 : AttributeElse `:`
 | AttributeElse DeclDefBlock
 | AttributeElse DeclDefBlock `else` DeclDefBlock

Attribute
 : LinkageAttribute
 | AlignAttribute
 | `deprecated`
 | `private`
 | `protected`
 | `public`
 | `export`
 | `static`
 | `final`
 | `override`
 | `abstract`
 | `const`
 | `auto`

AttributeElse
 : DebugAttribute
 | VersionAttribute

DeclDefBlock
 : DeclDef
 | `{` `}`
 | `{` DeclDefs `}`

LinkageAttribute
 : `extern`
 | `extern` `(` LinkageType `)`

LinkageType
 : `C`
 | `D`
 | `Windows`
 | `Pascal`

AlignAttribute
 : `align`
 | `align` `(` Integer `)`

DebugAttribute
 : `debug`
 | `debug` `(` Integer `)`
 | `debug` `(` Identifier `)`

``0Expressions`

Expression
 : AssignExpression
 | AssignExpression `,` Expression

AssignExpression
 : ConditionalExpression
 | ConditionalExpression `=` AssignExpression
 | ConditionalExpression `+=` AssignExpression
 | ConditionalExpression `-=` AssignExpression
 | ConditionalExpression `*=` AssignExpression
 | ConditionalExpression `/=` AssignExpression
 | ConditionalExpression `%=` AssignExpression
 | ConditionalExpression `&=` AssignExpression
 | ConditionalExpression `|=` AssignExpression
 | ConditionalExpression `^=` AssignExpression
 | ConditionalExpression `~=` AssignExpression
 | ConditionalExpression `<<=` AssignExpression
 | ConditionalExpression `>>=` AssignExpression
 | ConditionalExpression `>>>=` AssignExpression

ConditionalExpression
 : OrOrExpression
 | OrOrExpression `?` Expression `:` ConditionalExpression

OrOrExpression
 : AndAndExpression
 | AndAndExpression `||` AndAndExpression

AndAndExpression
 : OrExpression
 | OrExpression `&&` OrExpression

OrExpression
 : XorExpression
 | XorExpression `|` XorExpression

XorExpression
 : AndExpression
 | AndExpression `^` AndExpression

AndExpression
 : EqualExpression
 | EqualExpression `&` EqualExpression

EqualExpression
 : RelExpression
 | RelExpression `==` RelExpression
 | RelExpression `!=` RelExpression
 | RelExpression `===` RelExpression
 | RelExpression `!==` RelExpression

RelExpression
 : ShiftExpression
 | ShiftExpression `<` ShiftExpression
 | ShiftExpression `<=` ShiftExpression
 | ShiftExpression `>` ShiftExpression
 | ShiftExpression `>=` ShiftExpression
 | ShiftExpression `!<>=` ShiftExpression
 | ShiftExpression `!<>` ShiftExpression
 | ShiftExpression `<>` ShiftExpression
 | ShiftExpression `<>=` ShiftExpression
 | ShiftExpression `!>` ShiftExpression
 | ShiftExpression `!>=` ShiftExpression
 | ShiftExpression `!<` ShiftExpression
 | ShiftExpression `!<=` ShiftExpression
 | ShiftExpression `in` ShiftExpression

ShiftExpression
 : AddExpression
 | AddExpression `<<` AddExpression
 | AddExpression `>>` AddExpression
 | AddExpression `>>>` AddExpression

AddExpression
 : MulExpression
 | MulExpression `+` MulExpression
 | MulExpression `-` MulExpression
 | MulExpression `~` MulExpression

MulExpression
 : UnaryExpression
 | UnaryExpression `*` UnaryExpression
 | UnaryExpression `/` UnaryExpression
 | UnaryExpression `%` UnaryExpression

UnaryExpression
 : PostfixExpression
 | `&` UnaryExpression
 | `++` UnaryExpression
 | `--` UnaryExpression
 | `*` UnaryExpression
 | `-` UnaryExpression
 | `+` UnaryExpression
 | `!` UnaryExpression
 | `~` UnaryExpression
 | `delete` UnaryExpression
 | NewExpression
 | `(` Type `)` UnaryExpression
 | `(` Type `)` `.` Identifier

PostfixExpression
 : PrimaryExpression
 | PostfixExpression `.` Identifier
 | PostfixExpression `++`
 | PostfixExpression `--`
 | PostfixExpression `(` ArgumentList `)`
 | PostfixExpression `[` Expression `]`

PrimaryExpression
 : Identifier
 | `this`
 | `super`
 | `null`
 | `true`
 | `false`
 | NumericLiteral
 | StringLiteral
 | AssertExpression
 | Type `.` Identifier

AssertExpression
 : `assert (` Expression `)`

ArgumentList
 : AssignExpression
 | AssignExpression `,` ArgumentList

NewExpression
 : `new` BasicType Stars `[` AssignExpression `]` Declarator
 | `new` BasicType Stars `(` ArgumentList `)`
 | `new` BasicType Stars
 | `new` `(` ArgumentList `)` BasicType Stars `[` AssignExpression `]` Declarator
 | `new` `(` ArgumentList `)` BasicType Stars `(` ArgumentList `)`
 | `new` `(` ArgumentList `)` BasicType Stars

Stars
 : nothing
 | `*`
 | `*` Stars

``0Statements`

Statement
 : LabeledStatement
 | BlockStatement
 | ExpressionStatement
 | DeclarationStatement
 | IfStatement
 | DebugStatement
 | VersionStatement
 | WhileStatement
 | DoWhileStatement
 | ForStatement
 | SwitchStatement
 | CaseStatement
 | DefaultStatement
 | ContinueStatement
 | BreakStatement
 | ReturnStatement
 | GotoStatement
 | WithStatement
 | SynchronizeStatement
 | TryStatement
 | ThrowStatement
 | AsmStatement

LabelledStatement
 : Identifier `:` Statement

BlockStatement
 : `{` `}`
 | `{` StatementList `}`

StatementList
 : Statement
 | Statement StatementList

ExpressionStatement
 : Expression `;`

DeclarationStatement
 : Type IdentifierList `;`

IdentifierList
 : Variable
 | Variable `,` IdentifierList

Variable
 : Identifier
 | Identifier `=` AssignmentExpression

IfStatement
 : `if (` Expression `)` Statement
 | `if (` Expression `)` Statement `else` Statement

WhileStatement
 : `while` `(` Expression `)` Statement

DoStatement
 : `do` Statement ` while (` Expression `)`

ForStatement
 : `for` `(`Initialize`;` Test`;` Increment`)` Statement

Initialize
 : empty
 | Expression
 | Declaration

Test
 : empty
 | Expression

Increment
 : empty
 | Expression

SwitchStatement
 : `switch` `(` Expression `)` BlockStatement

CaseStatement
 : `case` Expression `:` Statement

DefaultStatement
 : `default:` Statement

ContinueStatement
 : `continue;`
 | `continue` Identifier `;`

BreakStatement
 : `break;`
 | `break` Identifier `;`

ReturnStatement
 : `return;`
 | `return` Expression `;`

GotoStatement
 : `goto` Identifier `;`

WithStatement
 : `with` `(` Expression `)` BlockStatement

SynchronizeStatement
 : `synchronized` Statement
 | `synchronized (` Expression `)` Statement

TryStatement
 : `try` BlockStatement Catches
 | `try` BlockStatement Catches `finally` BlockStatement
 | `try` BlockStatement `finally` BlockStatement

Catches
 : LastCatch
 | Catch
 | Catch Catches

LastCatch
 : `catch` BlockStatement

Catch
 : `catch` `(` Parameter `)` BlockStatement

ThrowStatement
 : `throw` Expression `;`

AsmStatement
 : `asm` `{` `}`
 | `asm` `{` AsmInstructionList `}`

AsmInstructionList
 : AsmInstruction `;`
 | AsmInstruction `;` AsmInstructionList

``0Structs, Unions, Enums`

AggregateDeclaration
 : Tag `{` DeclDefs `}`
 | Tag Identifier `{` DeclDefs `}`
 | Tag Identifier `;`

Tag
 : `struct`
 | `union`

EnumDeclaration
 : `enum` identifier `{` EnumMembers `}`
 | `enum` `{` EnumMembers `}`
 | `enum` identifier `;`

EnumMembers
 : EnumMember
 | EnumMember `,`
 | EnumMember `,` EnumMembers

EnumMember
 : Identifier
 | Identifier `=` Expression

``0Classes`

ClassDeclaration
 : `class` Identifier [SuperClass {`,` InterfaceClass }] ClassBody

SuperClass
 : `:` Identifier

InterfaceClass
 : Identifier

ClassBody
 : `{` Declarations `}`

``0Interfaces`

InterfaceDeclaration
 : `interface` Identifier InterfaceBody
 | `interface` Identifier `:` SuperInterfaces InterfaceBody

SuperInterfaces
 : Identifier
 | Identifier `,` SuperInterfaces

InterfaceBody
 : `{` DeclDefs `}`

``0Templates`

TemplateDeclaration
 : `template` TemplateIdentifier `(` TemplateParameterList `)` `{` DeclDefs `}`

TemplateIdentifier
 : Identifier

TemplateParameterList
 : TemplateParameter
 | TemplateParameter `,` TemplateParameterList

TemplateParameter
 : TypeParameter
 | ValueParameter

TypeParameter
 : Identifier
 | Identifier `:` Type

ValueParameter
 : Declaration
 | Declaration `:` AssignExpression

TemplateInstance
 : `instance` TemplateIdentifer `(` TemplateArgumentList `)`

TemplateAliasDeclaration
 : TemplateInstance AliasIdentifier `;`

AliasIdentifier
 : Identifier

TemplateArgumentList
 : TemplateArgument
 | TemplateArgument `,` TemplateArgumentList

TemplateArgument
 : Type
 | AssignExpression