Is it possible to define associative arrays using a format similar to that used to define other types of arrays? For example I can define an integer array using:
     int[] array = [1, 2, 3];
I can define an associative array using:
     string [string] array;
     array ["key"] = "value;
But I would like to use a static declaration like the one above.

llee:
> But I would like to use a static declaration like the one above.

I suggest you to use the d.learn group for this kind of questions.
I think you can't define AAs statically, but you can do something like:

string[char] map;
static this() {
    map = ['a':"foo"[], 'b':"bar"];
}

the static this() is executed before the main().

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Note for the other people, static AAs (and static sets, if D will ever have them) can enjoy perfect hashing, this is a recent note of mine:
http://groups.google.com/group/comp.lang.python/browse_thread/thread/09363c0d50a804bb#

Bye,
bearophile